Splash-free Urinals
How to design splash-free urinals?
Podcast for this post: 【科学Podcast】不会溅出来的小便池应该什么样?什么是有意义的科学研究?#Science on Tap
小便池设计也有讲究?高中生也能做的流体力学研究
University of Waterloo, Zhao Pan
Splash-free urinals for global sustainability and accessibility: Design through physics and differential equations
https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf087
- 大家觉得小便池的设计好吗?有没有会溅到自身的困扰?
实际上,现在小便池的设计大量溅射液滴到自身和地板,据估计~0.35*10^6 L的尿液会被溅射到地板;易传播秽物?;清洁费高昂,每年多伦多地铁需~$122k/卫生间用于清洁
有趣的解决方案:贴苍蝇贴纸降低50%-80%的溅射和8%的清洁费 - 假如让你设计小便池,你觉得应该从哪儿着手?
- 首先研究一下小便轨迹和它的基本特点
- 射流的溅射率几乎只和射流的射入角度有关,30度以下基本没有,和流速流量无关(模型考虑了比较复杂的接触面的溅射,对接触面进行了积分;实验与其相符)
- 具有一定的旋转性
- 狗总能做得很好
既然我们只需要考虑射流角度,怎么据此设计小便池呢? - 尿的轨迹以尿的起点为坐标轴原点,考虑重力,为最常见的一元二次曲线!
- 变成了一个数学问题!
- 还要考虑工业上便于制造 -> 横向不溅射or纵向不溅射
常见的小便池设计: - 杜尚的泉(Marcel Duchamp – La Fontaine)左一
- 美国商业公司产品(方形)左二
根据几何形状的设计: - Cornucopia (丰裕之角)右二
- Nautilus(鹦鹉螺)(Nautiloo被否决)右一
验证:3D打印合理的喷头(nozzle),对比了不同的流速和尿尿角度
做出来的模型确实和之前的设想相近!
反向设计:在小酒馆外设计100%反弹的形状以避免醉鬼随地大小便
- Fig 1: Mathematical problem of urinal design
- Fig 2: Possible designs of urinals
- Fig 3: The opposite design of urinals
What is Science on Tap?
An online symposium to share popular science with the broader range other than existing researchers. They were held weekly during 2021, and provided multiple topics from social science, biology, mechanical engineering, etc, mainly in Chinese. Xinyi serves as an active speaker, and she usually uses multiple sources to explain the topic. No recordings are available. These figures were used only for educational purposes.

